![]() Binet developed the test when he was commissioned by the French government. In fact, we still widely use these tests today. The result was a change in the earlier law requiring all healthy French children to attend school, between the ages of 6 and 13, to recognize instead that otherwise normal children sometimes need special help: they are “slow” ( arriéré), but not “sick.” This conceptualization of intelligence was then carried forward, through the test's influence on Lewis Terman (1877–1956) and Lightner Witmer (1867–1956), to shape virtually all subsequent thinking about intelligence testing and its role in society. He developed the first intelligence test. Along with Théodore Simon, Binet developed the Binet-Simon Scale, the forerunner of modern IQ tests. His independent wealth allowed him to pursue his interests and work without. Binet was born in 1857, the only child of a physician father and artist mother. Supported by the Société libre de l'étude psychologique de l'enfant, and by a number of collaborators and friends, he thus undertook to create a “metric” scale of intelligence-and the associated testing apparatus-to legitimize the role of psychologists in a to-that-point psychiatric domain: identifying and treating “the abnormal”. Binet, Alfred 18571911 FRENCH PSYCHOLOGIST, INTELLIGENCE RESEARCHER SORBONNE, DOCTORATE IN NATURAL SCIENCE, 1894 BRIEF OVERVIEW Alfred Binet is best remembered as the developer of the first useful test for measuring intelligence. Alfred Binet was a French pioneer of modern psychological testing who developed the prototype of many intelligence tests in use today, including the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. In contrast, Binet sought to keep children in schools and conceived of a way for psychologists to do this. Each of the five factors is given a weight and the combined. Both verbal and nonverbal responses are measured. These five factors include fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing and working memory. This included a long-standing rivalry with Désiré-Magloire Bourneville (1840–1909), who argued for decades that psychiatrists ought to be the professional arbiters of which children would be removed from the standard curriculum and referred to special education classes in asylums. The Stanford-Binet test is a examination meant to gauge intelligence through five factors of cognitive ability. This paper examines the first moments of the emergence of “psychometrics” as a discipline, using a history of the Binet–Simon test (precursor to the Stanford–Binet) to engage the question of how intelligence became a “psychological object.” To begin to answer this, we used a previously-unexamined set of French texts to highlight the negotiations and collaborations that led Alfred Binet (1857–1911) to identify “mental testing” as a research area worth pursuing.
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